India is home to over 300 species of snakes, but only a handful are dangerously venomous. These few, however, are responsible for thousands of snakebite cases each year. Knowing about them can help in preventing dangerous encounters—and knowing what to do if bitten can save a life.

Let’s explore the top 5 venomous snakes in India, and crucially, first aid steps to follow in case of a bite.

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1. Indian Cobra (Naja naja)

• Venom: Neurotoxic (affects the nervous system)
• Symptoms:
  • Muscle weakness
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Blurred vision
  • Drooping eyelids

2. Russell’s Viper (Daboia russelii)

• Venom: Hemotoxic (destroys blood cells and tissues)
• Symptoms:
  • Intense pain and swelling
  • Bleeding from gums and wounds
  • Low blood pressure
  • Kidney failure

3. Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus)

• Venom: Neurotoxic
• Symptoms:
  • Painless bite but deadly
  • Muscle paralysis
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Coma if untreated

4. Saw-Scaled Viper (Echis carinatus)

• Venom: Hemotoxic
• Symptoms:
  • Severe internal bleeding
  • Tissue damage
  • Painful swelling
  • Blood clotting problems

5. King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)

• Venom: Neurotoxic
• Symptoms:
  • Dizziness
  • Convulsions
  • Respiratory failure
  • Death in severe untreated cases

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What to Do Immediately After a Snake Bite

If you or someone near you is bitten by a snake, follow these urgent first-aid steps:

✅ Do This:

• Stay calm: Panic increases heart rate, which spreads venom faster.
• Immobilize the bitten limb: Keep it below the heart level.
• Remove tight clothing, rings, or watches: Swelling may occur.
• Clean the bite gently: Use water and soap if available, but do not scrub.
• Cover with a clean, loose bandage.
• Seek medical attention immediately: Go to the nearest hospital or health center with anti-venom.

❌ Do Not Do This:

• Do NOT cut the wound to release venom.
• Do NOT suck the venom out with your mouth.
• Do NOT apply ice or electric shock.
• Do NOT drink alcohol or caffeinated drinks.
• Do NOT tie a tourniquet unless trained — improper use can worsen damage.

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Why Immediate Medical Help is Crucial

Anti-venom (ASV) is the only effective treatment for venomous snakebites. Delaying treatment can lead to paralysis, organ failure, and death. Always note the snake’s color or pattern, if possible, to help doctors identify the right treatment.

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How to Prevent Snake Bites

• Wear boots and long pants in areas with tall grass or brush.
• Use a flashlight when walking at night in rural areas.
• Avoid sleeping on the ground without protection.
• Don’t insert hands or feet into holes, crevices, or dense vegetation.
• Keep your home and surroundings clean to prevent rodents, which attract snakes.